- Individuals
- Technology
- Society
- Foreign Influence
- Science
- Travel, trade and colonization
- Globalization
- The first English dictionary to be published, 1604
- English Language was expanding; influenced by trade, travel and new inventions in art and sciences
- He criticized the poor standard of English the people spoke
1712 - Jonathan Swift, A Proposal...
- Believed that the English Language was in chaos
- 'some method should be thought of for ascertaining and fixing our Language for ever'.
1724 - Trade and the English language
- Trade was significant in bringing new words to the English language
- Cargo lists were used to publicize the goods from all around the world
http://www.bl.uk/learning/langlit/evolvingenglish/accessvers/index.html
Language change terminology
Amelioration - when a word becomes more positive in some of its meaning
Pejoration - when a word becomes more negative in some of its meaning
Denotation - dictionary definition/the literal meaning
Connotations - words that you associate with a word
Colnage - creation of a new word or the word itself
Neologism - new word or a new way of an old word
Apocryphal - may not be true and there is no proof but everybody believes it
Proprietary - names sometimes become concrete nouns or verbs
Etymology - the origin of words - diachronically across time
Orthography - visual appearance of words including the spelling, italics, capitals
Frozen register - preserving older forms of words
Semantic shift - words used to mean different things/something different
Synchronic change - change that is in the process of happening at a particular point in time
Defective orthography - spelling is different to how its pronounced, no reliable correlation between the spelling and pronunciation
Borrowings - words that are taken from other languages e.g. cafe from french
Conversion - words change word class e.g Noun to Verb
https://revisionworld.com/a2-level-level-revision/english-language/language-change-0/language-change-0
Language change terminology
Amelioration - when a word becomes more positive in some of its meaning
Pejoration - when a word becomes more negative in some of its meaning
Denotation - dictionary definition/the literal meaning
Connotations - words that you associate with a word
Colnage - creation of a new word or the word itself
Neologism - new word or a new way of an old word
Apocryphal - may not be true and there is no proof but everybody believes it
Proprietary - names sometimes become concrete nouns or verbs
Etymology - the origin of words - diachronically across time
Orthography - visual appearance of words including the spelling, italics, capitals
Frozen register - preserving older forms of words
Semantic shift - words used to mean different things/something different
Synchronic change - change that is in the process of happening at a particular point in time
Defective orthography - spelling is different to how its pronounced, no reliable correlation between the spelling and pronunciation
Borrowings - words that are taken from other languages e.g. cafe from french
Conversion - words change word class e.g Noun to Verb
https://revisionworld.com/a2-level-level-revision/english-language/language-change-0/language-change-0
